Sports Medicine

Athletic Training Room Hours (Monday - Friday)

• 12:30 – 2:30pm - ALL Injury evaluations, treatments, and rehabilitation
• 2 – 2:20pm - Tape for away games
• 2:45 – 3:30pm - Tape for home games/practices
• 3:30 -完成所有体育比赛-体育教练在主场比赛/训练

体育训练室将在所有主场比赛(包括星期六)前至少30分钟开放。.

没有评估，治疗，或康复将在学校和/或在球场上进行. 学生应该优先考虑在午餐和/或空闲时间呆在运动训练室.

在训练或比赛中发生的伤病将在现场处理.

所有运动员必须遵守公布的时间表，除非事先与运动教练有特别安排!

Caroline Oakley - Head Athletic Trainer

卡罗琳·奥克利于2022年9月加入NovaCare康复中心的运动医学团队，开始在十大体育外围平台排名工作. 她于2011年毕业于天普大学，获得运动训练学士学位，并成为董事会认证的运动教练.

Oakley has worked  for Villa Maria High School (PA), Downington East High School (PA), and Williston State College (ND) as an Athletic Trainer, 还曾担任Brandywine Institute of orthopatics的内科医师. She is a member of the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Pennsylvania Athletic Training Society, and Eastern Athletic Trainers Society, and is CPR, AED, First Aid, and lifeguard certified. 

267-405–7499 | Email

Bruce McCabe - Associate Athletic Trainer

Bruce McCabe于2015年9月加入NovaCare Rehabilitation的运动医学团队，开始在Germantown Academy工作. 他于2014年毕业于Rowan University，获得运动训练学士学位. 他成为了一名董事会认证的运动教练，然后继续攻读东斯特劳兹堡大学运动训练高级临床实践硕士学位. 在此期间，他担任威尔克斯-巴雷/斯克兰顿企鹅队的研究生助理运动教练, the American Hockey League affiliate of the NHL's Pittsburgh Penguins. While at East Stroudsburg University, Bruce获得了器械辅助软组织动员(IASTM)的认证. 他最近被美国红十字会认证为紧急医疗响应者.

267-405-7238 | Email

The general assembly of Pennsylvania has passed House Bill No. 1610规定了防止学生运动员心脏骤停和死亡的标准. Students participating in or desiring to participate in athletic activity, their parents, and coaches must be educated about the nature and risk of sudden cardiac arrest. A student determined by a game official, coach from the student's team, athletic trainer, licensed physician, 或由学生所在学校指定的其他官员在参加体育活动时出现心脏骤停的迹象，则需要在当时取消参加体育活动. 在学生被有执照的医生评估并允许参加之前，学生不得返回比赛, certified registered nurse practitioner or cardiologist.

本文档旨在向您提供有关心脏骤停的法律要求的信息. 如果您有任何问题，请拨打267-405症状-7238与运动训练服务部联系.

What is sudden cardiac arrest?

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. 心脏骤停通常是由心脏的电干扰导致的，它扰乱了心脏的泵送功能, stopping blood flow to the rest of your body.

Sudden cardiac arrest is different from a heart attack, which occurs when blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked. However, 心脏病发作有时会引发电干扰，导致心脏骤停.

Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. If not treated immediately, it causes sudden cardiac death. With fast, appropriate medical care, survival is possible. 实施心肺复苏术(CPR)——甚至只是快速按压胸部——可以提高在急救人员到来之前的生存机会.

Signs and Symptoms which may include one or more of the following:

• Racing heart, palpitations
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fainting or seizure, especially during or right after exercise
• Fainting repeatedly or with excitement or startle
• Chest pain or discomfort with exercise
• Excessive, unexpected fatigue during or after exercise
• Excessive shortness of breath during exercise or difficulty breathing
• Loss of consciousness

The following factors increase risk of SCA:

• Family history of known heart abnormalities or sudden death before age 50
• Specific family history of Long QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, or Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD)
• 有不明原因晕厥、癫痫发作、溺水或接近溺水或车祸的家庭成员
• Known structural heart abnormality, repaired or unrepaired

If sudden cardiac arrest is suspected:

• Athlete should be immediately removed from play
• Seek a medical professional
• If needed, begin CPR
• If symptoms continue, call 911

The general assembly of Pennsylvania has passed Senate Bill No. 200，为学生运动员的脑震荡和创伤性脑损伤制定了管理标准. Students participating in or desiring to participate in athletic activity, their parents, 教练必须接受有关脑震荡和创伤性脑损伤的性质和风险的教育. A student determined by a game official, coach from the student's team, athletic trainer, licensed physician, 有执照的物理治疗师或由学生所在学校指定的其他官员，在参加体育活动时表现出脑震荡或创伤性脑损伤的迹象或症状，则需要从当时的参与中移除. 在由具有脑震荡管理背景的适当医疗专业人员对学生进行评估并允许其参加之前，学生不得重返赛场.

如果我的孩子/球员在脑震荡后继续比赛或过早复出，会发生什么?

有脑震荡迹象和症状的运动员应立即离场. 带着脑震荡的迹象和症状继续比赛会让年轻的运动员特别容易受到更大的伤害. 在脑震荡发生后的一段时间内，脑震荡造成严重损伤的风险会增加, 特别是如果运动员在第一次脑震荡完全恢复之前再次遭受脑震荡. This can lead to prolonged recovery, 甚至严重的脑肿胀(二次撞击综合征)，带来毁灭性甚至致命的后果. 众所周知，青少年或十几岁的运动员往往不会报告受伤的症状. Concussions are no different. As a result, education of administrators, coaches, parents and students is the key to student-athlete’s safety.

If a concussion is suspected:

Seek medical attention right away. 脑震荡专家将能够决定脑震荡的严重程度，以及什么时候你的孩子可以安全回到运动中. Keep your child out of play. Concussions take time to heal. Don’t let your child return to play until a concussion specialist says it’s OK. 如果孩子们在大脑还处于康复阶段的时候过早回到赛场，那么他们有更大的机会再次脑震荡. Second or later concussions can be very serious. They can cause permanent brain damage, affecting your child for a lifetime.

It is OK to:

• Use acetaminophen (Tylenol) for head aches
• Use ice pack on head & neck as needed for comfort
• Eat a light diet
• Go to sleep
• Rest (no strenuous activity or sports)

There is NO need to:

• Check eyes with a flashlight
• Wake up every hour
• Test reflexes
• Stay in bed

Do NOT:

• Drive while symptomatic
• Exercise or lift weights
• 服用布洛芬、阿司匹林、萘普生或其他非甾体类抗炎药物

If an athlete is on the field and suspected of having a concussion, he/she is removed immediately from play. The athletic trainer (ATC) will perform an on-field assessment. Once a concussion is confirmed, ATC会给家长或监护人一个信息包，里面有教育材料和当地脑震荡专家的名单. During the recovery process, ATC将与医生合作，使用一个逐步恢复比赛的计划，让运动员安全地恢复比赛.

Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related illness. 它发生在身体无法控制体温时:体温迅速上升, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. 中暑时，体温可在10至15分钟内升至华氏106度或更高. 中暑可导致死亡或永久残疾，如果不给予紧急治疗.

美国国家运动训练师协会的立场声明要求对那些怀疑中暑的人进行直肠温度测量. “唯一准确测量核心体温的方法是通过直肠测温仪或可摄取热敏电阻. Other devices, such as oral, axillary, aural canal and temporal artery thermometers, are inaccurate methods of assessing body temperature in an exercising person."

Symptoms of heat stroke include:

• Confusion, altered mental status, slurred speech
• Loss of consciousness (coma)
• Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating
• Seizures
• Very high body temperature
• Fatal if treatment delayed

First Aid
Take the following steps to treat a student with heat stroke:

• Call 911 for emergency medical care.
• Stay with student until emergency medical services arrive.
• Move the student to a shaded, cool area and remove outer clothing.
• Cool the student quickly with a cold water or ice bath if possible; wet the skin, place cold wet cloths on skin, or soak clothing with cool water.
• Circulate the air around the worker to speed cooling.
• Place cold wet cloths or ice on head, neck, armpits, and groin; or soak the clothing with cool water.

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Heat Exhaustion
中暑是身体对水分和盐分过度流失的反应, usually through excessive sweating. People most prone to heat exhaustion are those that are elderly, have high blood pressure, and those working/playing in a hot environment.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion include:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Irritability
• Thirst
• Heavy sweating
• Elevated body temperature
• Decreased urine output

First Aid
Treat a student suffering from heat exhaustion with the following:

• Take student to a clinic or emergency room for medical evaluation and treatment.
• If medical care is unavailable, call 911.
• Someone should stay with student until help arrives.
• Remove student from hot area and give liquids to drink.
• Remove unnecessary clothing, including shoes and socks.
• 用冷敷冷却学生，或让工作人员用冷水清洗头部、面部和颈部.
• Encourage frequent sips of cool water.

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Rhabdomyolysis
横纹肌溶解是一种与热应激和长时间体力消耗有关的医学病症, resulting in the rapid breakdown, rupture, and death of muscle. When muscle tissue dies, 电解质和大型蛋白质被释放到血液中，会导致心律失常和癫痫发作, and damage the kidneys.

Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis include:

• Muscle cramps/pain
• Abnormally dark (tea or cola colored) urine
• Weakness
• Exercise intolerance
• Asymptomatic

First Aid

Students with symptoms of rhabdomyolysis should:

• Stop activity.
• Increase oral hydration (water preferred).
• Seek immediate care at the nearest medical facility.
• Ask to be checked for rhabdomyolysis (i.e., blood sample analyzed for creatine kinase).

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Heat Syncope
热性晕厥是一种昏厥(晕厥)发作或头晕，通常发生在长时间站立或突然从坐姿或卧姿站起时. 可能导致热晕厥的因素包括脱水和缺乏适应环境.

Symptoms of heat syncope include:

• Fainting (short duration)
• Dizziness
• 长时间站立或从坐着或躺着的位置突然站起时感到头晕

First Aid

Students with heat syncope should:

• Sit or lie down in a cool place.
• Slowly drink water, clear juice, or a sports drink.

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Heat Cramps

Heat cramps usually affect workers who sweat a lot during strenuous activity. This sweating depletes the body’s salt and moisture levels. Low salt levels in muscles causes painful cramps. Heat cramps may also be a symptom of heat exhaustion.

Symptoms

• Muscle cramps, pain, or spasms in the abdomen, arms, or legs.

First Aid

Students with heat cramps should:

• 多喝水，吃点零食和/或碳水化合物-电解质替代液体.g., sports drinks) every 15 to 20 minutes.
• Avoid salt tablets.
• Get medical help if the worker has heart problems, is on a low sodium diet, or if cramps do not subside within 1 hour.

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Heat Rash

热疹是由于在炎热潮湿的天气中出汗过多而引起的皮肤刺激.

Symptoms of heat rash include:

• Looks like red cluster of pimples or small blisters
• 通常出现在颈部、上胸部、腹股沟、乳房下方和肘部皱褶处

First Aid

Students experiencing heat rash should:

• When possible, a cooler, less humid work environment is best treatment.
• Keep rash area dry.
• Powder may be applied to increase comfort.
• Ointments and creams should not be used.